St. Clair County, Illinois

Founding: 1790
Parent county: Unorganized territory

Namesake: Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory
Seat: Cahokia (1790–1814); Belleville (1814–)

Land area: 658 square miles

Population (2020): 257,400

Population (historic): 5,253 (1820); 20,180 (1850); 51,068 (1870); 86,685 (1900); 157,775 (1930)

Periods of population growth: pre-1820–1970; 2000s

Subdivisions: 11 cities; 21 villages; five CDPs; 21 townships

National Register listings: 31

Pre-1940 residences (estimated): 16,778 (14.1%)
Pre-1940 housing survival rate: 33.7%
Pre-1860 housing survival rate (1940): 31.2%

Farm housing in disrepair (1950): 6.9%

Nonfarm housing in disrepair (1950): 12.4%

Average farmhouse value (1930): $1,579
Average outbuilding value (1930): $1,230

Average farmhouse size (1940): 5.3 rooms
Number of farms (1920): 3,112
Average farm size (1920): 97.8 acres
Sources of settlement: Germany, Missouri, Ireland, England, France, Indiana, and Kentucky
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Belleville

Namesake: A French term meaning "beautiful city"

Founding: 1814 (platting); 1816 (post office); 1819 (incorporation)

Population (2020): 42,404

Population (historic): 2,941 (1850); 8,146 (1870); 15,361 (1890); 21,122 (1910); 28,425 (1930)

Periods of population growth: pre-1850–1930; 1940–1990; 2000s
Pre-1940 residences (estimated): 5,431 (25.8%)
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Outstanding Buildings

1. House (c. 1860). 1150 89th Street. Canteen. Greek Revival. Razed.
2. Laurent Pensonneau House (1818). 8107 Church Lane. Canteen.
3. Lemen House (c. 1870). 4949 State Route 13. Freeburg. Italianate.
4. Zion Methodist Church (1868). 1845 Baldwin Road. Lenzburg.
5. Eckert Farm (c. 1855?). 5672 Bohleysville Road. Millstadt.
6. Wilhelm Saltenberger House (c. 1875). 3446 Nollmann Road. Millstadt.
7. John Lortz Farm (1872). 7980 Red Ray Mine Road. New Athens. Italianate.
8. Bennett House (c. 1860/1905). 8931 US Highway 50. O'Fallon. Greek Revival.
9. *Merkel Farm (c. 1845). 8570 Louella Lane. Shiloh Valley. Razed.
10. *Johannes Knobeloch Farm (1861). 2474 Schneider Road. Shiloh Valley.
11. Mueller Farm (c. 1860). 9746 Concordia Church Road. Stookey.
12. Concordia Reformed Church (1879). 7600 State Route 163. Stookey. Romanesque/Gothic Revival.
13. House (c. 1880). 5950 Town Hall Road. Stookey. Second Empire.
14. Arnold House (c. 1865?). 2817 Zingg Road. Stookey. Eclectic.