Madison County, Illinois

Founding: 1812
Parent counties: Randolph and St. Clair

Namesake: James Madison, U.S. president
Seat: Edwardsville (1812–)

Land area: 716 square miles

Population (2020): 264,776

Population (historic): 13,550 (1820); 20,441 (1850); 44,131 (1870); 64,694 (1900); 143,830 (1930)

Periods of population growth: pre-1820; 1830–1970; 1980–2010

Subdivisions: Ten cities; 19 villages; three CDPs; 24 townships

National Register listings: 44

Pre-1940 residences (estimated): 15,823 (13.2%)
Pre-1940 housing survival rate: 48.3%
Pre-1860 housing survival rate (1940): 19.5%

Farm housing in disrepair (1950): 6.7%

Nonfarm housing in disrepair (1950): 9.1%

Average farmhouse value (1930): $1,839
Average outbuilding value (1930): $1,286

Average farmhouse size (1940): 5.7 rooms
Number of farms (1920): 3,454
Average farm size (1920): 99.5 acres
Sources of settlement: Germany, Missouri, Ireland, Switzerland, England, and Ohio
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Edwardsville

Namesake: Ninian Edwards, Illinois territorial governor

Founding: 1809 (founding); 1815 (post office); 1818 (incorporation)

Population (2020): 26,808

Population (historic): 677 (1850); 2,193 (1870); 3,561 (1890); 5,014 (1910); 6,235 (1930)

Periods of population growth: pre-1850–2020
Pre-1940 residences (estimated): 1,389 (15.1%)
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Outstanding Buildings

1. *Charles Gerling House (c. 1850). 6805 State Route 162. Collinsville. Greek Revival.
2. *Jacob Kinder House (1867). 2470 Kinder Place. Edwardsville. Italianate.
3. *Nelson Montgomery House (c. 1855). 3120 Old Troy Road. Edwardsville.
4. *Frederick Gaertner Inn (c. 1855). 6587 Miller Drive. Fort Russell. Razed.
5. *Henry Engelhart Farm (c. 1860). 6038 St. James Road. Fort Russell.
6. *Monticello College President's Home (1856). 5800 Godfrey Road. Godfrey. Italianate.
7. *William Martin House (c. 1860). 6722 Godfrey Road. Godfrey.
8. *St. Paul's Lutheran Church (1930–1931). 6969 West Frontage Road. Hamel. Gothic Revival.
9. *Xavier Suppiger House (c. 1870). 12274 Highland Road. Helvetia. Razed.
10. *Louis Latzer Farm (c. 1895). 1464 Old Trenton Road. Helvetia. Queen Anne.
11. *St. John the Baptist Catholic Church (1883–1884). 8928 Lebanon Road. Jarvis. Romanesque.
12. *Emsley Keown Farm (c. 1870). 10313 Gilomen Road. Marine. Second Empire.
13. *Jacob Spies House (c. 1845). 10325 Hunter School Road. Marine.
14. *Oakdale / Solomon Mudge Farm (1853/1910s). 4512 Mudge Road. Saline. Italianate/Mediterranean Revival.