Essex County, New Jersey

Founding: 1683
Parent county: Unorganized territory

Namesake: Essex, England
Seat: Newark (1683–)

Land area: 126 square miles

Population (2020): 863,728

Population (historic): 17,785 (1790); 44,621 (1840); 143,839 (1870); 359,053 (1900); 833,513 (1930)

Periods of population growth: pre-1790–1970; 1990s; 2010s

Subdivisions: Two cities; five boroughs; 15 townships

Pre-1940 residences (estimated): 98,695 (30.9%)
Pre-1940 housing survival rate: 40.9%
Pre-1860 housing survival rate (1940): 17%

Farm housing in disrepair (1950): 5.5%

Nonfarm housing in disrepair (1950): 5.5%

Average farmhouse value (1930): $6,221
Average outbuilding value (1930): $4,327
Average farmhouse size (1940): 6.5 rooms
Number of farms (1920): 375
Average farm size (1920): 26.8 acres
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Newark

Namesake: Uncertain—perhaps Newark-on-Trent, England

Founding: 1666 (founding); 1693 (incorporation); 1776 (post office)

Population (2020): 311,549

Population (historic): 8,008 (1810); 17,290 (1840); 105,059 (1870); 246,070 (1900); 442,337 (1930)

Periods of population growth: pre-1810; 1820–1930; 1940s; 2000–2020
Pre-1940 residences (estimated): 26,116 (23%)
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Outstanding Buildings

1. Stone House Plains Dutch Reformed Church (1801/1857/1910). 10 Bellevue Avenue. Bloomfield. Italianate.
2. Nathaniel Crane House (c. 1810). 29 Clinton Road. Caldwell.
3. Fairfield Dutch Reformed Church (1804). 360 Fairfield Road. Caldwell. Georgian.
4. Jacobus House (c. 1725). 178 Grove Avenue. Caldwell.
5. Peter Van Ness House (c. 1740/1840). 236 Little Falls Road. Caldwell.
6. Samuel Harrison House (c. 1835). 153 Orton Road. Caldwell. Greek Revival. Razed.
7. Benjamin Canfield House (c. 1845). 903 Pompton Avenue. Caldwell.
8. Joseph Cory House (c. 1750/1830). 2 Springdale Road. Caldwell. Federal.
9. Zenas Crane House (c. 1870). 289 Westville Avenue. Caldwell. Italianate.
10. Vreeland House (c. 1702). 216 Chestnut Street. Franklin.
11. Joseph Kingsland House (c. 1790). 3 Kingsland Street. Franklin.
12. Van Riper House (1708). 491 River Road. Franklin.
13. Amos Williams House (c. 1824). 126 Eagle Rock Avenue. Livingston. Federal.
14. Israel Crane House (1796/1840s). 110 Orange Road. Montclair. Greek Revival.
15. George Dittig House (c. 1860). 474 Upper Mountain Avenue. Montclair. Second Empire.
16. Thomas Van Reyper House (1872). 848 Valley Road. Montclair. Italianate.

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